Factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Colombia 2013-2015: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug- and rifampicin (RMP)-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) requires prolonged and expensive treatment, which is difficult to sustain in the Colombian health system. This requires the joint action of different providers to provide timely health services to people with TB. Identifying factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in patients with MDR/RR-TB who received drug therapy between 2013 and 2015 in Colombia can help guide the strengthening of the national TB control program. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with all patients who received treatment for MDR/RR-TB between January 2013 and December 2015 in Colombia who were registered and followed up by the national TB control program. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations between the exposure variables with the response variable (treatment outcome). RESULTS: A total of 511 patients with MDR/RR-TB were registered and followed up by the national TB control program in Colombia, of whom 16 (3.1%) had extensive drug resistance, 364 (71.2%) had multidrug resistance, and 131 (25.6%) had RMP monoresistance. The mean age was 39.9 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.5-41.3), most patients were male 285 (64.6%), and 299 (67.8%) were eligible for subsidized health services. The rate of unfavorable treatment outcomes in the RR-TB cohort was 50.1%, with rates of 85.7% for patients with extensive drug resistance, 47.6% for patients with multidrug resistance, and 52.6% for patients with RMP monoresistance. The 511 MDR/RR-TB patients were included in bivariate and multivariate analyses, patients age ≥ 60 years (crude odds ratio (ORc) = 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.8; adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.8) and subsidized health regime affiliation (ORc = 3.6, 95% CI 2.3-5.6; ORa = 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-6.0) were associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: More than 50% of the patients with MDR/RR-TB in Colombia experienced unfavorable treatment outcomes. The patients who were eligible for subsidized care were more likely to experience unfavorable treatment outcomes. Those who were older than 60 years were also more likely to experience unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Alta prevalencia de dos o más intentos de suicidio asociados con ideación suicida y enfermedad mental en Colombia en 2016 / High Prevalence of Two or More Suicide Attempts Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Mental Disease in Colombia 2016

RESUMEN Introducción: La ideación suicida y los intentos son muy predictivos de muerte por suicidio. Además, los intentos de suicidio causan a la sociedad una carga financiera de millones de dólares. Objetivo: Establecer los factores asociados con más de un intento de suicidio registrado en 2016 en la población colombiana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio trasversal de 18.763 reportes consignados en la base de datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública del Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia durante 2016. Resultados: Del total de reportes, 11.738 (62,6%) corresponden al sexo femenino; la media de edad fue 25,0 (IC95%, 24,9-25,2) arios; el 46% de todos los casos corresponden a personas entre 10 y 20 años. Refirieron 2 o más intentos de suicidio 5.734 (30,6%). Las prevalencias de alguna enfermedad mental y de ideación suicida persistente fueron del 48,5 y el 16,4% respectivamente. Tras realizar el ajuste mediante regresión logística, el factor más asociado con más de 1 intento suicida, fue la ideación suicida persistente: OR bruta = 5,5 (IC95%, 5,0-5,9) y ORa = 4,0 (IC95%, 3,6-4,3). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con ideación suicida persistente tienen una probabilidad 4 veces mayor de hacer 2 o más intentos suicidas. Otros factores, como el uso de arma cortopunzante como mecanismo para ejecutar el intento y el antecedente de trastorno afectivo bipolar y/o depresión, también se asociaron con más de 1 intento de suicidio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suicidal ideation and attempts are strongly predictive of suicide deaths. Furthermore, suicide attempts exert a financial burden of millions of dollars on society. Objective: To establish the factors associated with more than one suicide attempt in the Colombian population that was reported in 2016. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 18,763 reports entered in the database of the National Public Health Surveillance of the National Institute of Health of Colombia during 2016 was performed. Results: 11,738 (62.6%) of the total number of reports were female, the mean age was 25.0 (95% CI, 24.9-25.2) years, 46% of all cases were individuals between 10- and 20-years-old; 5,734 (30.6%) reported 2 or more suicide attempts and the prevalence of a mental disorder and persistent suicidal ideation were 48.5% and 16.4%, respectively. The factor most strongly associated with more than one suicide attempt, after adjusting for logistic regression, was persistent suicide ideation with crude OR = 5.5 (95% CI, 5.0-5.9), and ORa = 4.0 (95% CI, 3.6-4.3). Conclusions: Patients with persistent suicidal ideation were 4 times more likely to have 2 or more suicide attempts. Other factors such as the use of a sharp weapon as a mechanism to perform the attempt and the history of bipolar affective disorder and/or depression were also associated with more than one suicide attempt.

High Prevalence of Two or More Suicide Attempts Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Mental Disease in Colombia 2016. / Alta prevalencia de dos o más intentos de suicidio asociados con ideación suicida y enfermedad mental en Colombia en 2016.

INTRODUCTION: Suicidal ideation and attempts are strongly predictive of suicide deaths. Furthermore, suicide attempts exert a financial burden of millions of dollars on society. OBJECTIVE: To establish the factors associated with more than one suicide attempt in the Colombian population that was reported in 2016. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 18,763 reports entered in the database of the National Public Health Surveillance of the National Institute of Health of Colombia during 2016 was performed. RESULTS: 11,738 (62.6%) of the total number of reports were female, the mean age was 25.0 (95% CI, 24.9-25.2) years, 46% of all cases were individuals between 10- and 20-years-old; 5,734 (30.6%) reported 2 or more suicide attempts and the prevalence of a mental disorder and persistent suicidal ideation were 48.5% and 16.4%, respectively. The factor most strongly associated with more than one suicide attempt, after adjusting for logistic regression, was persistent suicide ideation with crude OR=5.5 (95% CI, 5.0-5.9), and ORa=4.0 (95% CI, 3.6-4.3). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with persistent suicidal ideation were 4 times more likely to have 2 or more suicide attempts. Other factors such as the use of a sharp weapon as a mechanism to perform the attempt and the history of bipolar affective disorder and/or depression were also associated with more than one suicide attempt.

Factors predictive of the success of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To produce pooled estimates of the global results of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and analyze the predictive factors of successful TB treatment. METHODS: Studies published between 2014 and 2019 that reported the results of the treatment of pulmonary TB and the factors that influenced these results. The quality of the studies was evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in February 2019 under number CRD42019121512. RESULTS: A total of 151 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. The success rate for the treatment of drug-sensitive TB in adults was 80.1% (95% CI: 78.4-81.7). America had the lowest treatment success rate, 75.9% (95% CI: 73.8-77.9), and Oceania had the highest, 83.9% (95% CI: 75.2-91.0). In children, the success rate was 84.8% (95% CI: 77.7-90.7); in patients coinfected with HIV, it was 71.0% (95% CI: 63.7-77.8), in patients with multidrug-resistant TB, it was 58.4% (95% CI: 51.4-64.6), in patients with and extensively drug-resistant TB it was 27.1% (12.7-44.5). Patients with negative sputum smears two months after treatment were almost three times more likely to be successfully treated (OR 2.7; 1.5-4.8), whereas patients younger than 65 years (OR 2.0; 1.7-2.4), nondrinkers (OR 2.0; 1.6-2.4) and HIV-negative patients (OR 1.9; 1.6-2.5 3) were two times more likely to be successfully treated. CONCLUSION: The success of TB treatment at the global level was good, but was still below the defined threshold of 85%. Factors such as age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of sputum conversion at two months of treatment and HIV affected the success of TB treatment.

Validación de la escala de morisky de 8 ítems en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica / Validation of the morisky 8 items scale in patients with chronic kidney disease / Validação da escala de morisky 8 em pacientes com doença do renal crônica

Introducción: Es importante proveer un adecuado y oportuno manejo a largo plazo de la ERC, por medio de estrategias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, sin embargo, la baja adherencia de los pacientes al tratamiento farmacológico pone en riesgo la efectividad de la intervención. Objetivo: Traducir al español, validar y adaptar la escala de adherencia al tratamiento de Morisky de 8 items a pacientes con ERC. Materiales y Métodos: La traducción del MMAS-8 se realizó de acuerdo con las directrices para la traducción y la adaptación de instrumentos de medida para ser utilizados en investigación médica, se validó mediante juicio de expertos siguiendo el método Delphi. Se realizó un estudio piloto corte transversal, donde se encuesto a 30 pacientes que acudieron a consulta de predialisis de la unidad renal del hospital militar central en Bogotá Colombia. Resultados: La escala MMAS-8 traducida al español fue sometida a los jueces para su validación obteniéndose un porcentaje de acuerdo igual o mayor al 80% para todas las preguntas, se calculó el coeficiente de concordancia W de Kendall que en este caso fue 0,8 con un p valor de 0,0001 y se interpretó como un alto grado de concordancia entre las valoraciones hechas por los jueces a los diferentes ítems del cuestionario. Se aplicó el MMAS-8 a 30 pacientes con una media de edad de 75,9 años (+/- 15), el nivel de adherencia al tratamiento se analizó según el puntaje de la escala de Morisky de 8 items, clasificándose como baja adherencia al tratamiento en el 62,5% de los casos con puntaje menor de 6, mediana adherencia 28,1% de los pacientes puntaje entre 6 y 7 y alta adherencia solo el 9,4% de los pacientes con puntaje mayor de 8. Conclusiónes: La escala de medición de adherencia al tratamiento de Morisky de 8 items es válida para medir la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica según juicio de expertos.

Introduction: It is important to provide long-term, adequate and timely treatment of the Chronic kidney disease, by pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, however, low adherence of patients to drug treatment puts at risk the effectiveness of the intervention. Objective: Translate to Spanish, validate and adapt the scale of adherence Morisky 8 items patients with chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods: Translation from MMAS-8 was performed according to the guidelines for the translation and adaptation of measuring instruments for use in medical research. It was validated by expert judgment following the Delphi method. A pilot study was conducted cross-sectional, where 30 patients who consulted predialysis renal unit of the central military hospital in Bogota Colombia was surveyed. Results: MMAS-8 Scale translated into Spanish was submitted to the judges for validation, obtaining a percentage of agreement equal to or greater than 80% for all questions, the coefficient of Kendall W in this case was 0.8 with a p value of 0.0001 was calculated and it is interpreted as a high degree of consistency between the assessments made by the judges to the different items of the questionnaire. MMAS-8 is applied to 30 patients with a mean age 75.9 years (+/- 15), the level of adherence to treatment is performed according to the scale score Morisky 8 items, classified as low adherence to treatment in 62.5% of cases with lower score of 6, adhesion median 28.1% of patients score between 6 and 7, and high adhesion only 9.4% of patients with major score of 8. Conclusions: The scale measuring adherence Morisky 8 items It is valid to measure adherence to drug treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease according to expert judgment.

Introdução: É importante fornecer um tratamento a longo prazo, adequado e oportuno da doença renal crónica, através de estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, no entanto, a baixa adesão dos doentes ao tratamento medicamentoso põe em risco a eficácia da intervenção. Objetivo: Traduzir para o espanhol, validar e adaptar a escala de adesão Morisky 8 itens pacientes com doença renal crônica. Materiais e métodos: A tradução do MMAS-8 foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes para a tradução e adaptação de instrumentos de medição para uso em uma investigação médica. Foi validado por um juízo especialista seguindo o método Delphi. Um estudo piloto foi realizado em corte transversal, onde foram entrevistados 30 pacientes que consultaram a unidade pré-diálise renal do hospital militar central em Bogotá Colômbia. Resultados: A escala de MMAS-8 traduzida para o espanhol foi submetida aos juízes para validação, obtendo-se uma percentagem de concordância igual ou superior a 80% para todas as questões, o coeficiente de Kendall W neste caso 0,8 com um valor de p de 0,0001 foi calculado e interpretado como um alto grau de consistência entre as avaliações feitas pelos juízes aos diferentes itens do questionário. O MMAS-8 é aplicado a 30 pacientes com idade média de 75,9 anos (+/- 15), o nível de aderência ao tratamento é realizado de acordo com o escore Morisky 8 itens, classificados como baixa adesão ao tratamento em 62,5% dos casos com Menor pontuação de 6, adesão mediana 28,1% dos pacientes pontuação entre 6 e 7, e alta adesão apenas 9,4% dos pacientes com pontuação maior de 8. Conclusões: A adesão escala de medição para tratamento Morisky 8 itens é válido para medir a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes com doença renal crônica, de acordo com o julgamento cientistas de investigação.